Fashion industry is not composed of designers and models, but also people who run and manage the business of designers and their brands. Fashion management deals with the building of brand image and awareness in the general public as well as the management of marketing, merchandising and retail of fashion products. This includes organisation, planning and promotion of a fashion business as well. In a fashion management course, students are subject to the development of leadership and managerial skills specifically in fashion, garment export, lifestyle as well as the retail sector. Through a fashion management course, students develop the skill and knowledge to be leaders and top managers in the fashion industry.

Fashion management job description depends on the nature of the fashion business and the goals, objectives and aim of that company. Nevertheless, fashion management responsibilities include sourcing, merchandising, retail, understanding international as well as national business and design practices. Through attending various field visits and industry visits, they build an understanding of various fashion business practices, fashion management methods, trends and fashion business operations. They need to be resilient in their decision making, and possess the ability to manage risk and decision strategies that hold the business of the company at the forefront. Along with this they need to have the ability for networking and capability to provide problem solutions.

What is fashion management is a question that entering fashion aspirants ask themselves. Fashion management in India has diversified itself as a practice because of the increased buying power of its population and with the increase in the rise of new designer labels and fashion brands. This provides new career opportunities in fashion management such as in retail management, e-business, social media marketing, luxury fashion management, marketing sales, fashion business management and product design managers. The field is witnessing an evolution with the increase in digital technologies and it promises new job opportunities that value new ways of thinking and adapting to the current situation. JD Institute of Fashion Technology, Bengaluru’s fashion management course prepares students with the knowledge and skill to be efficient fashion managers along with the development of the aptitude and decision making capacity to be a leader in the field.

AFD

Advanced Fashion Design refers to both the design and the manufacturing processes. The inclusion of both processes allows for this technology to be classified as “advanced.” It utilizes Computer-aided design (CAD) to pattern-make and design. The first CAD package for clothing came out in 1985 and helped to significantly decrease inefficiencies in making and readjusting panel patterns. Since 1985, software packages containing computer clothing design have made tremendous advancements. Listed below are the functions of the CAD package:

Main functions

• Draping
• Pattern grading
• Fashion illustration
• Fashion trends and Fashion forecasting
• Trade sketching
• Embellishing garments
• Using electronic fashion design tools
• Interacting/networking with the fashion design industry
• Quality assurance

Tech Design

Another way that technology has contributed to the fashion industry is in the manufacturing process. Many garments today are produced through outsourcing to other countries. Tech Packs are one way to efficiently and effectively produce these products. Tech Packs contain 9 pages of information that help the manufacturer communicate with the designer. Listed below is the order of the pages:

• A summary page with a drawn example of the garment
  • Usually using Adobe Illustrator
• Construction details
  • In-depth details of different pieces to the garment
• Dimensions
  • In-depth measurements of a garment
• Order of Operation
  • In this case, the order of operations is the order of construction
• Component
  • The component section is a list of the different pieces/trims involved
• Cost Section
  • Cost and quantity of materials
• Label Section
  • Includes illustrations and descriptions of tags/labels on the garment
• Shipping
  • The manner in which the product is packaged and shipped
• History
  • In this case, refers to any changes prior to finishing

National Institute of Fashion Technology

National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) is an autonomous institute that offers courses in fashion, designing, technology, and management. Its head office is located in New Delhi, India.

History

NIFT was established in 1986 under the Ministry of Textiles of the Government of India. It was declared as a statutory institute in 2006 and empowered to grant its own degree by the NIFT Act of the Indian Parliament.

Along with the Ministry of Textiles, NIFT is in the process of creating a India specific size chart. The project was fully underway in 2021. The National Institute of Fashion Technology has announced NIFT 2022 result on March 9, 2022 in online mode.

Advanced Diploma in Fashion Design – 3 Years

Advanced Diploma in Fashion Design is a three-year program offered by the JD Institute of Fashion Technology centres in Bangalore, Cochin and Goa. This intensive program prepares its students to meet and expand the potential of fashion design by developing the understanding and application of the fundamental aspects that inform the field.

Advanced Diploma in Fashion Design enhances and refines the creative language of students and enables them to identify and develop their skills. Following a rigorous curriculum covering the fundamental methodologies that inform the practice of fashion design, the students are also exposed to various growing digital and technical tools. Students develop an advanced understanding and application of fabrics, pattern cutting, garment construction and draping, along with a research-driven design process. The learning is further augmented by various workshops that introduce them to the evolving, versatile and interdisciplinary nature of fashion design along with the development of various skills. Students are exposed to trends and are equipped with the skill to interpret and analyse forecasts. The diploma program also trains and develops marketing and entrepreneurial skills in the students in order to enable them to efficiently sustain themselves.

Fashion merchandising

Fashion merchandising can be defined as the planning and promotion of sales by presenting a product to the right market at the proper time, by carrying out organized, skillful advertising, using attractive displays, etc. Merchandising, within fashion retail, refers specifically to the stock planning, management, and control process. Fashion Merchandising is a job that is done world- wide. This position requires well-developed quantitative skills, and natural ability to discover trends, meaning relationships and interrelationships among standard sales and stock figures. In the fashion industry, there are two different merchandising teams: the visual merchandising team, and the fashion merchandising team.

The visual merchandising team are the people in charge of designing the layout, floor plan, and the displays of the store in order to increase sales.

The fashion merchandising team are the people who are involved in the production of fashion designs and distribution of final products to the end consumer. Fashion merchandisers work with designers to ensure that designs will be affordable and desired by the target market. Fashion merchandising involves apparel, accessories, beauty, and housewares. The end goal of fashion merchandising in any of these departments is to earn a profit. Fashion merchandisers’ decisions can considerably impact the success of the manufacturer, designer, or retailer for which they work.

Background

During ancient times, individuals shopped in markets for goods. The ancients were attracted to rare fashions that brought variation and excitement into their lives. These markets have transformed into today’s department, specialty, and discount retailers. For many years, business people in the fashion industry were convinced that they could persuade consumers to desire their particular products. Fashion executives had no interest in the needs and wants of consumers. However, fashion personnel realized that they would have to adapt fashion items to the demands of consumers.

Rights of merchandising

In modern merchandising, distribution responsibilities are absent, and focus is placed on planning and analysis. A separate team is tasked with distribution. Large organizations separate merchandisers by type. There are retail merchandisers and product merchandisers. Retail merchandisers manage store allocation and must maximize sales. Product merchandisers manage the flow of materials to suppliers and then the flow of product to stores. Product merchandisers then pass control of product to the retail merchandisers.

Modern Structure

Many large organizations have concluded that distribution requires highly detailed work and that it is necessary to have a team specifically for that purpose. This is due to the fine details of allocation, which require focus on aspects such as colour and sizes for a specific store. This approach not only minimizes costs but also extends to areas like better control of the overall process. Organizations that do not conduct distribution this way risk losing control of their stock at both the highest and lowest level. This is a result of the lack of uniformity and oversight.

The distribution team specializes not only in managing distribution, but they are also focused on sales and profit. They employ detailed, accurate information about distribution points sourced from product planners. They possess the ability to manage dynamic stock demands. They partner with buyers and merchandisers for any necessary repeat buying. Though they are positioned to manage stock, they still operate within the limits of the buying plan, and merchandisers ensure they remain within this realm. Buyers provide guidelines for distribution such as the type of stores where product should be distributed; for example, a product may have only been acquired for the top 3 stores. The team also supports the goals of an organization through being instrumental in responding to trends.

The nature of modern analysis has allowed many merchandisers to plan as much as four seasons ahead, and they are expected to apply the data. This further increases the demands placed on their roles and emphasizes the need to task out minor details that do not require their input or much of their supervision.

Fashion merchandisers follow the five rights of merchandising, or 5 Rs, to ensure that they properly meet the needs of consumers; thus, turning a profit.

The five rights of merchandising include:

• the right merchandise
• at the right price
• at the right time
• in the right place
• in the right quantities.

By researching and answering the five rights of merchandising, fashion merchandisers can gain an understanding of what products consumers want, when and where they wish to make purchases, and what prices will have the highest demand. Both fashion retailers and manufacturers utilize the 5 Rs.

Manufacturers

Clothing manufacturers practice fashion merchandising differently than retailers. Manufacturer merchandisers forecast customers’ preferences for silhouettes, sizes, colors, quantities, and costs each season. When making decisions, manufacturer merchandisers must keep retailers and end consumers in mind. Following the forecasting stage, manufacturer merchandisers meet with designers to develop products that consumers will purchase most. By referring to the five rights of merchandising, manufacturer merchandisers determine the best fabric, notions, product methods, and promotions for products. These decisions all contribute to final retail costs, which must be affordable to end consumers.

Retailers

In comparison to manufacturer merchandisers, retailer merchandisers also begin their process by forecasting industry and fashion trends with their target markets in mind. Sales are predicted in retail dollars and beginning of the month (BOM) stock. Similar to manufacturer merchandisers, retailer merchandisers must make all decisions regarding the final consumer. Decisions are made based on the past, present, and future of the economy, sales, industry and fashion trends, region and world events, and the fashion cycle. When selecting merchandise to offer, retailer merchandisers will consider their target markets’ color, style, size, and cost preferences. Once accurate decisions are made, retailer merchandisers will order goods from vendors or produce private labels. Following shipment, ordered seasonal apparel assortments are strategically arranged on sales floors, or visually merchandised.

Education

Individuals interested in building a career in fashion merchandising should earn an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in fashion merchandising or a related field, such as marketing. Relevant courses include, but are not limited to, fashion, accounting, economics, textile and merchandising, psychology, marketing, and management. In addition to schooling, those aspiring to work as fashion merchandisers are required to do an internship with any retail company of their choice as well as work in the retail field. It is also suggested that one stays caught up in the latest fashion trends, which can be done by reading blogs, magazines, traveling, and shopping. A fashion merchandiser will not only be responsible for choosing the best clothes but for making the store appealing to the eye. The proper education is very important in order to be successful in this career.

Careers

Fashion merchandising careers are as follows:

• Buyer: Develop six-month buying plans and order assortments for each season. Travel to markets and trade shows to purchase the latest fashions for stores.
• Account executive: The liaison between manufacturers and buyers. Handle several retail accounts, present manufactures’ lines to buyers, and relay fashion and promotional information.
• Store manager: Hiring, training, and overseeing employees as well as monitoring sales for a specific retail store.
• Merchandise coordinator: Responsible for visual merchandising. A liaison between the manufacturer and retailer.
• Showroom manager: Display fashion lines, present collections, and manage multiple retail accounts. Also, manage expenses and ensure profitability.
• Merchandise planner: Assist a fashion company with meeting objectives through technologically and mathematically calculated solutions. Additionally, discover trends, develop financial plans, and determine merchandise reorders.